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1.
São Paulo med. j ; 137(6): 498-504, Nov.-Dec. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094527

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cost evaluation is a key tool in monitoring expenditure for budget management. It increases the efficiency of possible changes through identifying potential savings and estimating the resources required to make such changes. However, there is a lack of knowledge of the total cost of hospitalization up to the clinical outcome, regarding patients admitted for kidney transplantation. Likewise, there is a lack of data on the factors that influence the amounts spent by hospital institutions and healthcare systems. OBJECTIVES: To describe the costs and determining factors relating to hospitalization of patients undergoing kidney transplantation. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional descriptive study with a quantitative approach based on secondary data from 81 patients who were admitted for kidney transplantation at a leading transplantation center in southern Brazil. METHODS: The direct costs of healthcare for patients who underwent kidney transplantation were the dependent variable, and included personnel, expenses, third-party services, materials and medicines. The factors that interfered in the cost of the procedure were indirect variables. The items that made up these variables were gathered from the records of the internal transplantation committee and from the electronic medical records. The billing sector provided information on the direct costs per patient. RESULTS: The estimated total cost of patients' hospitalization was R$ 1,257,639.11 (US$ 571,010.44). Out of this amount, R$ 1,237,338.31 (US$ 561,793.20) was paid by the Brazilian National Health System and R$ 20,300.80 (US$ 9,217.24) by the transplantation center's own resources. The highest costs related to the length of hospital stay and clinical complications such as sepsis and pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: The costs of hospitalization for kidney transplantation relate to the length of hospital stay and clinical complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Kidney Transplantation/economics , Hospital Costs , Hospitalization/economics , Pneumonia/economics , Postoperative Complications/economics , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data , Sepsis/economics , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Length of Stay/economics
2.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 46(1): e2096, 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-990365

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o impacto financeiro das complicações pós-operatórias no transplante simultâneo pâncreas-rim durante a internação hospitalar. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo dos dados da internação hospitalar dos pacientes submetidos consecutivamente ao transplante simultâneo pâncreas-rim no período de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2014 no Hospital do Rim/Fundação Oswaldo Ramos. As principais variáveis estudadas foram a reoperação, pancreatectomia do enxerto, óbito, complicações pós-operatórias (cirúrgicas, infecciosas, clínicas e imunológicas) e os dados financeiros da internação para o transplante. Resultados: a amostra foi composta de 179 pacientes transplantados. As características dos doadores e receptores foram semelhantes nos pacientes com e sem complicações. Na análise dos dados, 58,7% dos pacientes apresentaram alguma complicação pós-operatória, 21,8% necessitaram de reoperação, 12,3%, de pancreatectomia do enxerto e 8,4% evoluíram para o óbito. A necessidade de reoperação ou pancreatectomia do enxerto aumentou o custo da internação em 53,3% e 78,57%, respectivamente. A presença de complicação pós-operatória aumentou significativamente o custo. Entretanto, a presença de óbito, hérnia interna, infarto agudo do miocárdio, acidente vascular cerebral e disfunção do enxerto pancreático não apresentaram significância estatística no custo, cuja média foi de US$ 18,516.02. Conclusão: complicações pós-operatórias, reoperação e pancreatectomia do enxerto aumentaram significativamente o custo médio da internação hospitalar do SPK, assim como as complicações cirúrgicas, infecciosas, clínicas e imunológicas. No entanto, o óbito durante a internação, a hérnia interna, o infarto agudo do miocárdio, o acidente vascular cerebral e a disfunção do enxerto pancreático não interferiram estatisticamente neste custo.


ABSTRACT Objective: considering simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation cases, to evaluate the financial impact of postoperative complications on hospitalization cost. Methods: a retrospective study of hospitalization data from patients consecutively submitted to simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT), from January 2008 to December 2014, at Kidney Hospital/Oswaldo Ramos Foundation (Sao Paulo, Brazil). The main studied variables were reoperation, graft pancreatectomy, death, postoperative complications (surgical, infectious, clinical, and immunological ones), and hospitalization financial data for transplantation. Results: the sample was composed of 179 transplanted patients. The characteristics of donors and recipients were similar in patients with and without complications. In data analysis, 58.7% of the patients presented some postoperative complication, 21.8% required reoperation, 12.3% demanded graft pancreatectomy, and 8.4% died. The need for reoperation or graft pancreatectomy increased hospitalization cost by 53.3% and 78.57%, respectively. The presence of postoperative complications significantly increased hospitalization cost. However, the presence of death, internal hernia, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and pancreatic graft dysfunction did not present statistical significance in hospitalization cost (in average US$ 18,516.02). Conclusion: considering patients who underwent SPKT, postoperative complications, reoperation, and graft pancreatectomy, as well as surgical, infectious, clinical, and immunological complications, significantly increased the mean cost of hospitalization. However, death, internal hernia, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and pancreatic graft dysfunction did not statistically interfere in hospitalization cost.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Pancreatectomy/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/economics , Reoperation/economics , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Pancreas Transplantation/adverse effects , Hospitalization/economics , Pancreatectomy/economics , Brazil , Retrospective Studies , Kidney Transplantation/economics , Pancreas Transplantation/economics , Costs and Cost Analysis , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data
3.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 94(1): 93-99, Jan.-Feb. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-894097

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: End-stage renal disease is a health problem that consumes public and private resources. This study aimed to identify the cost of hemodialysis (either daily or conventional hemodialysis) and transplantation in children and adolescents. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort of pediatric patients with End-stage renal disease who underwent hemodialysis followed by kidney transplant. All costs incurred in the treatment were collected and the monthly total cost was calculated per patient and for each renal therapy. Subsequently, a dynamic panel data model was estimated. Results: The study included 30 children who underwent hemodialysis (16 conventional/14 daily hemodialysis) followed by renal transplantation. The mean monthly outlay for hemodialysis was USD 3500 and USD 1900 for transplant. Hemodialysis costs added up to over USD 87,000 in 40 months for conventional dialysis patients and USD 131,000 in 50 months for daily dialysis patients. In turn, transplant costs in 50 months reached USD 48,000 and USD 70,000, for conventional and daily dialysis patients, respectively. For conventional dialysis patients, transplant is less costly when therapy exceeds 16 months, whereas for daily dialysis patients, the threshold is around 13 months. Conclusion: Transplantation is less expensive than dialysis in children, and the estimated thresholds indicate that renal transplant should be the preferred treatment for pediatric patients.


Resumo Objetivo: A Doença Renal em Estágio Final é um problema de saúde que consome recursos públicos e privados. Nosso objetivo é identificar o custo da hemodiálise (hemodiálise diarias ou convencional) e transplante em crianças e adolescentes. Métodos: Uma coorte retrospectiva de pacientes pediátricos com Doença Renal em Estágio Final (DREF) submetidos à hemodiálise após transplante de rim. Todos os custos incorridos no tratamento foram cobrados e o custo total mensal foi calculado por paciente e por cada terapia renal. Então, foi estimado um modelo dinâmico com dados em painel. Resultados: Estudamos 30 crianças submetidas à hemodiálise (16 hemodiálises convencionais/14 hemodiálises diárias) após transplante renal. O gasto médio mensal para hemodiálise foi US$3,5 mil e US$1,9 mil para transplante. Os custos de hemodiálise somam mais de US$87 mil em 40 meses para pacientes submetidos a hemodiálise convencional (HC) e US$131 mil em 50 meses para pacientes submetidos a hemodiálise diária (HD). Por outro lado, os custos de transplante em 50 meses atingem US$48 e US$70 mil, para pacientes submetidos a HC e HD, respectivamente. Para pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise convencional, o transplante é menos oneroso quando a terapia ultrapassa 16 meses, ao passo que para pacientes submetidos a hemodiálise diária o limiar é cerca de 13 meses. Conclusão: O transplante é menos caro que a diálise em crianças e os limiares estimados indicam que o transplante renal deve ser o tratamento preferencial para pacientes pediátricos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Renal Dialysis/economics , Kidney Transplantation/economics , Kidney Failure, Chronic/economics , Brazil , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Costs and Cost Analysis , Kidney Failure, Chronic/surgery , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy
4.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 32(6): e00013515, 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-952285

ABSTRACT

Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os custos médicos diretos do transplante renal e das terapias renais substitutivas, especificamente a hemodiálise e a diálise peritoneal, sob a perspectiva do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Os custos das terapias renais substitutivas foram extraídos de informações publicadas na literatura. Os itens de custo previstos do transplante renal foram identificados em um hospital privado mediante coleta dos códigos dos procedimentos utilizados para a cobrança do SUS e os demais itens extraídos da literatura. O resultado desta pesquisa indica que, no período dos quatro anos coberto por este estudo, o transplante renal de doador falecido gera uma economia, por paciente, de R$ 37 mil e R$ 74 mil em relação à hemodiálise e à diálise peritoneal, respectivamente. Quanto ao transplante renal de doador vivo, as economias são ainda maiores: R$ 46 mil e R$ 82 mil em relação à hemodiálise e à diálise peritoneal, respectivamente. Este resultado, aliado a análises de sobrevida e qualidade de vida, pode caracterizar o transplante renal como a melhor alternativa do ponto de vista financeiro e clínico, auxiliando na formulação de políticas públicas relacionadas com os transplantes de órgãos no Brasil.


Abstract: This study aimed to compare the direct medical costs of renal transplantation and renal replacement therapies, specifically hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, from the perspective of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS). Renal replacement therapies costs were based on data published in the literature. Cost items for kidney transplant were identified in a private hospital based on procedure codes used for charging the SUS, and other items were taken from the literature. In the four years covered by the study, cadaver kidney transplant generated per-patient savings of BRL 37,000 and BRL 74,000 compared to hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, respectively. Savings were even greater with living donor kidney transplant: BRL 46,000 and BRL 82,000 compared to hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, respectively. This result, together with survival and quality-of-life analyses, characterizes kidney transplant as the best clinical and financial alternative, thus supporting public policies for organ transplants in Brazil.


Resumen: El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar los costes médicos directos del trasplante renal y de las terapias renales substitutivas, específicamente la hemodiálisis y la diálisis peritoneal, bajo la perspectiva del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). Los costes de las terapias renales substitutivas se extrajeron de información publicada en la literatura. Los ítems de coste previstos del trasplante renal se identificaron en un hospital privado, a partir de la recogida de códigos de procedimientos utilizados para el cobro del SUS y los demás ítems extraídos de la literatura. El resultado de esta investigación indica que, en el período de los 4 años cubierto por este estudio, el trasplante renal del donante fallecido genera un ahorro, por paciente, de R$ 37 mil y R$ 74 mil en relación al hemodiálisis y al diálisis peritoneal, respectivamente. En cuanto al trasplante renal del donante vivo, los ahorros son incluso mayores: R$ 46 mil y R$ 82 mil, en relación a la hemodiálisis y a la diálisis peritoneal, respectivamente. Este resultado, junto con análisis de supervivencia y calidad de vida, puede caracterizar el trasplante renal como la mejor alternativa desde el punto de vista financiero y clínico, auxiliando en la formulación de políticas públicas relacionadas con los trasplantes de órganos en Brasil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Kidney Transplantation/economics , Renal Replacement Therapy/economics , Brazil , Survival Rate , Renal Dialysis/economics , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Kidney Failure, Chronic/economics , National Health Programs
5.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 32(8): e00022915, 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-952296

ABSTRACT

Resumo: O objetivo do artigo foi analisar os incentivos contratuais de transplantes renais no Brasil com base no modelo agente-principal. A abordagem assume que o Ministério da Saúde seja o principal e os hospitais públicos credenciados pelo Sistema Nacional de Transplantes sejam o agente. O bem- estar do Ministério da Saúde depende das ações tomadas pelos hospitais captadores desse órgão. Os hospitais alocam esforços administrativos, financeiros e gerenciais para realizar as ações de doação, remoção, captação e transplante de rim. Os hospitais podem escolher os níveis de esforços que são compatíveis com os pagamentos e incentivos recebidos referentes ao custeio de transplantes. A solução para esse tipo de problema está na estruturação de um contrato ótimo de incentivos, no qual se requer um alinhamento de interesses de ambas as partes envolvidas nesse sistema de transplantes.


Abstract: The aim of this article was to analyze contractual incentives for kidney transplants in Brazil based on the principal-agent model. The approach assumes that the Brazilian Ministry of Health is the principal and the public hospitals accredited by the National Transplant System are the agent. The Ministry of Health's welfare depends on measures taken by hospitals in kidney uptake. Hospitals allocate administrative, financial, and management efforts to conduct measures in kidney donation, removal, uptake, and transplantation. Hospitals may choose the levels of effort that are consistent with the payments and incentives received in relation to transplantation costs. The solution to this type of problem lies in structuring an optimal incentives contract, which requires aligning the interests of both parties involved in the transplantation system.


Resumen: El objetivo del artículo fue analizar los incentivos contractuales de trasplantes renales en Brasil, a partir del modelo agente-principal. Este enfoque asume que el Ministerio de Salud sea el principal y los hospitales públicos, autorizados por el Sistema Nacional de Trasplantes, sean los agentes. El bienestar del Ministerio de Salud depende de las acciones tomadas por los hospitales receptores de este órgano. Los hospitales proporcionan los esfuerzos administrativos, financieros y de gestión para realizar las acciones de donación, extirpación, recepción y trasplante de riñón. Los hospitales pueden escoger los niveles de esfuerzos que son compatibles con los pagos e incentivos recibidos, referentes al costeo de trasplantes. La solución para este tipo de problema está en la estructuración de un contrato óptimo de incentivos, en el que se requiera un alineamiento de intereses de ambas partes involucradas en este sistema de trasplantes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tissue and Organ Procurement/economics , Tissue and Organ Procurement/organization & administration , Kidney Transplantation/economics , Models, Econometric , Algorithms , Brazil , Tissue and Organ Harvesting/economics , Hospitals, Public/economics , Hospitals, Public/organization & administration , National Health Programs/economics , National Health Programs/organization & administration
6.
Rev. saúde pública ; 49: 1-9, 27/02/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-742284

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE To analyze the cost-effectiveness of treatment regimens with cyclosporine or tacrolimus, five years after renal transplantation. METHODS This cost-effectiveness analysis was based on historical cohort data obtained between 2000 and 2004 and involved 2,022 patients treated with cyclosporine or tacrolimus, matched 1:1 for gender, age, and type and year of transplantation. Graft survival and the direct costs of medical care obtained from the National Health System (SUS) databases were used as outcome results. RESULTS Most of the patients were women, with a mean age of 36.6 years. The most frequent diagnosis of chronic renal failure was glomerulonephritis/nephritis (27.7%). In five years, the tacrolimus group had an average life expectancy gain of 3.96 years at an annual cost of R$78,360.57 compared with the cyclosporine group with a gain of 4.05 years and an annual cost of R$61,350.44. CONCLUSIONS After matching, the study indicated better survival of patients treated with regimens using tacrolimus. However, regimens containing cyclosporine were more cost-effective. .


OBJETIVO Analisar custo-efetividade de regimes terapêuticos com ciclosporina ou tacrolimo cinco anos após transplante renal. MÉTODOS Análise de custo-efetividade com base em dados de coorte histórica 2000-2004, com 2.022 pacientes tratados com ciclosporina ou tacrolimo e pareados 1:1 segundo sexo, idade, tipo e ano de transplante. A sobrevida do enxerto e os custos diretos de cuidados médicos a partir das bases de dados do Sistema Único de Saúde foram utilizados como medida de resultado. RESULTADOS A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo feminino e média de idade de 36,6 anos. O diagnóstico mais frequente de insuficiência renal crônica foi a glomerulonefrite/nefrite (27,7%). Em cinco anos, o grupo tacrolimo obteve uma expectativa de vida média de 3,96 anos de vida ganhos ao custo anual de R$78.360,57 ante 4,05 anos de vida ganhos e de R$61.350,44 para ciclosporina. CONCLUSÕES Após o pareamento, o estudo não mostrou melhor sobrevida dos pacientes com regimes que usam tacrolimo. Além disso, regimes contendo ciclosporina foram mais custo-efetivos. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Kidney Transplantation/economics , Tacrolimus/economics , Cyclosporine/economics , Cost-Benefit Analysis/economics , Immunosuppressive Agents/economics , Kidney Failure, Chronic/surgery , Drug Administration Schedule , Cohort Studies , Tacrolimus/therapeutic use , Cyclosporine/therapeutic use , Cost Savings , Quality-Adjusted Life Years , Graft Survival , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Kidney Failure, Chronic/economics , Kidney Failure, Chronic/drug therapy
7.
Acta cir. bras ; 29(11): 748-751, 11/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-728646

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To perform a cost analysis of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) in a Brazilian hospital. METHODS: Between January 2008 and December 2011, 105 consecutive SPKTs at the Hospital of Kidney and Hypertension in Sao Paulo were evaluated. We evaluated the patient demographics, payment source (public health system or supplementary system), and the impact of each hospital cost component. The evaluated costs were corrected to December 2011 values and converted to US dollars. RESULTS: Of the 105 SPKT patients, 61.9% were men, and 38.1% were women. Eight patients died, and 97 were discharged (92.4%). Eighty-nine procedures were funded by the public health system. The cost for the patients who were discharged was $18.352.27; the cost for the deceased patients was $18.449.96 (p = 0.79). The FOR for SPKT during this period was positive at $5,620.65. The costs were distributed as follows: supplies, 36%; administrative costs, 20%; physician fees, 15%; intensive care unit, 10%; surgical center, 10%; ward, 9%. CONCLUSION: Mortality did not affect costs, and supplies were the largest cost component. .


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Costs and Cost Analysis , Kidney Transplantation/economics , Pancreas Transplantation/economics , Brazil , Hospitalization/economics , Intensive Care Units/economics , Kidney Transplantation/mortality , Pancreas Transplantation/mortality , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors
8.
Cad. saúde pública ; 30(10): 2092-2100, 10/2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-727736

ABSTRACT

El trasplante es el mejor tratamiento para la insuficiencia renal, de acuerdo con la biomedicina; sin embargo, es una tecnología cara. Este artículo examina las dificultades económicas y sus efectos en personas con trasplante renal, pero sin protección social en salud. Para el estudio se desarrolló una investigación cualitativa en México. Participaron 21 pacientes trasplantados; se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, y se realizó un análisis de contenido. Los resultados muestran que las personas enfermas enfrentan dificultades económicas, debido a los costes de las terapias renales, particularmente, de las medicinas. Todo ello tiene efectos negativos: las personas con pocos recursos dejan el tratamiento con medicamentos, abandonan el protocolo, no asisten a las consultas médicas y disminuyen los gastos domésticos, incluyendo el de alimentación; además de suponer una merma en los ingresos familiares. En conclusión, el trasplante renal empobrece a las personas enfermas sin protección social en salud; es urgente la implementación de un sistema de protección social para esta población.


Kidney transplant is the optimal treatment for renal disease according to biomedical criteria, but the technology is highly expensive. The aim of this article was to examine the economic hardships experienced by kidney transplant patients and the impact on their lives, specifically when they lack social protection in health. The article reports on a qualitative study conducted in Mexico. Twenty-one kidney transplant patients participated. Semi-structured interviews were performed and submitted to content analysis. Patients experience extreme economic hardship due to the high cost of renal therapies, particularly medicines. Such economic problems adversely affect their condition, since many patients report difficulties in maintaining their immunosuppressant medication, attending medical appointments, and curtailing household expenditures, further aggravated by loss of earnings. In conclusion, kidney transplantation is associated with patients’ impoverishment when they lack social protection in health. A protection system is urgently needed for this group.


O transplante é o melhor tratamento para a insuficiência renal de acordo com a biomedicina; mas é uma tecnologia cara. Este artigo examina as dificuldades econômicas e os seus efeitos em pessoas com transplante renal, mas sem proteção social em saúde. Uma pesquisa qualitativa foi desenvolvida no México. Participaram 21 doentes transplantados; aplicaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, e foi realizada análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostram que as pessoas doentes enfrentam dificuldades econômicas devido aos custos das terapias renais, particularmente das medicinas. Tudo isso tem efeitos negativos: as pessoas com poucos recursos abandonam o tratamento medicamentoso, deixam o protocolo, não comparecem às consultas médicas e diminuem as despensas domésticas, incluindo a comida; além da perda de ingressos. Em conclusão, o transplante renal empobrece as pessoas doentes sem proteção social em saúde; é urgente a implementação de um sistema de proteção social a esta população.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Cost of Illness , Kidney Transplantation/economics , Health Services Accessibility , Interviews as Topic , Kidney Transplantation/psychology , Mexico , Public Policy , Qualitative Research
9.
Cad. saúde pública ; 30(8): 1667-1679, 08/2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-721498

ABSTRACT

O objetivo foi avaliar a eficiência dos estados brasileiros e do Distrito Federal no sistema público de transplante renal e a mudança de produtividade deles entre 2006 e 2011. Utilizou-se a Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) baseada em folgas e o índice de Malmquist com folgas. Os inputs usados foram os gastos dos serviços hospitalares e dos profissionais no sistema. Como output, o número de transplantes renais realizados por cada estado. Existe uma discrepância significativa em relação à captação e ao número de transplantes renais entre os estados. Evidencia-se uma ineficiência nesse sistema, que poder ser causada por sua gestão inadequada; não seguimento de regras nacionais; comissões intra-hospitalares não ativas e equipes hospitalares sobrecarregadas. As mudanças institucionais promovidas pelo Ministério da Saúde (aperfeiçoamento e padronização dos processos) não geraram aumento de produtividade na maioria dos estados nesse período.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Brazilian States and the Federal District in the public kidney transplant system and their productivity trends from 2006 to 2011. The authors used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with slack and the Malmquist index with slack. Inputs included spending on hospital services and health professionals in the system. The output was the number of kidney transplants performed in each State. The data showed a significant discrepancy between States in the number of kidney transplants. The transplant system’s inefficiency may result from inadequate management, failure to comply with national guidelines, inactive hospital transplant committees, and overburdened hospital staff. Institutional changes promoted by the Brazilian Ministry of Health (procedures improvement and standardization) failed to increase productivity in most States during this period.


El objetivo fue evaluar la eficacia de los estados brasileños y en el Distrito Federal en el trasplante renal público y su productividad entre 2006 y 2011. Se utilizó el Análisis de Involucrados de Datos (DEA) y el índice de Malmquist. La muestra estuvo conformada por 22 estados. Las entradas corresponden a los gastos totales de trasplantes de riñón, referidos a servicios generales y hospitalarios de los profesionales de este sector. Se utilizó el número de riñones trasplantados como punto de salida. Entre los estados existe una discrepancia significativa, en relación con la captación y el número de trasplantes de riñón. Es evidente la ineficiencia del sistema, que puede ser causada por la gestión de operaciones inadecuadas, el incumplimiento de las normas nacionales, los comités no hospitalarios y personal hospitalario activo sobrecargado. Sin embargo, su productividad ha mejorado con los cambios institucionales. Por lo tanto, los estados que participaron en el proceso de recepción y donación de riñones para trasplantes presentan ineficiencia en términos de gastos administrativos y operativos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Kidney Transplantation/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Efficiency, Organizational , Health Services Research , Kidney Transplantation/economics , Kidney Transplantation/standards
10.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 28(3): 432-439, jul.-set. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-606039

ABSTRACT

Objetivos. Determinar y comparar las razones de costo-utilidad de los trasplantes renales con donante cadavérico (TRDC) practicados en el Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen los años 2000-2001, frente a hemodiálisis (HD), cinco años después del inicio del tratamiento. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de costo utilidad, estudiando a todos los pacientes continuadores cinco años post TRDC, a quienes se asignó como controles, dos pacientes con cinco años de HD pareados por edad, sexo y tiempo de enfermedad. Se evaluaron los costos de cada procedimiento, los años de vida ajustados a la calidad (AVAC) utilizando el cuestionario SF-36v2TM y se calcularon las razones de costo utilidad (CU) y costo utilidad incremental (CUI). Resultados. Se realizaron 58 TRDC los años 2000-2001. Cinco años después, 17 (29 por ciento) pacientes fallecieron y 27 (47 por ciento) continuaron con su tratamiento post-TRDC. Treinta y uno (53 por ciento) TRDC fracasaron; 26 por ciento por rechazo al trasplante, 55 por ciento por complicación y 19 por ciento por tratamiento irregular. Los puntajes SF-36v2TM promedio obtenidos por los TRDC y HD fueron 95±13 y 87±18 puntos respectivamente. En ambos años, los AVAC obtenidos por los TRDC y HD fueron de 251 y 229 puntos respectivamente; las razones de CU para los TRDC y los HD fueron de USD 11 984 y USD 9243, y la razón de CUI fue de USD 40 669. Conclusiones. Los TRDC realizados los años 2000-2001, cinco años después resultaron menos costo útiles que las HD; y los TRDC realizados el 2000 tuvieron una menor razón de costo utilidad incremental que los efectuados el 2001, probablemente por su mayor razón de tratamientos irregulares.


Objectives. To assess and compare the cost utility of the cadaveric donor renal transplant (CDRT) at the Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen between 2000 to 2001, against haemodialysis (HD), 5 years after treatment initiation. Materials and Methods. A cost utility study design was used, which evaluated every patient continuing treatment after 5 years of having the CDRT done, and 2 controls consisting in patients having received HD for 5 years, matched by age, sex and disease duration. The costs of each procedure and their Quality-adjusted life years (QALY´s) were evaluated using the questionnaire of quality of life SF-36v2TM, finally calculating the cost utility (CU) and incremental cost utility (ICU) ratios. Results. Fifty-eight CDRT were performed between 2000-1. Five years later, 17 (29 percent) patients died and only 27 (47 percent) continued the treatment after CDRT. Out of the 31 patients (53 percent) having treatment failures, 26 percent rejected the transplant, 55 percent presented a complication and 19 percent were irregular. The mean SF-36v2TM scores obtained by the CDRT and HD patients were 95±12 and 87±18 points, respectively. The QALYs obtained by the CDRT and HD groups were 251 and 229 points, respectively; the CU ratios for the CDRT and HD were USD 11,984 and USD 9,243; and the ICU ratio for the period was USD 40,669. Conclusions. CDRTs performed during the years 2000-1 at the HNGAI, were 5 years later surprisingly less cost effective than the HD and CDRT´s performed at year 2000 had a lower incremental cost utility ratio that those performed the 2001, probably because of the highest rate of irregular treatment.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Kidney Failure, Chronic/economics , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Kidney Transplantation/economics , Renal Dialysis/economics , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Hospitals , Peru
11.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 21(2): 437-448, 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-596061

ABSTRACT

Trata-se de uma análise de impacto orçamentário derivada dos resultados do estudo "Custo-efetividade do tratamento da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C em candidatos a transplante renal submetidos a diálise". Teve como objetivo estimar o impacto orçamentário da ampliação da oferta do tratamento da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C (VHC) para candidatos a transplante renal. Para tal, foi construído um modelo de Markov, a fim de estimar o custo médio do tratamento de diferentes proporções da população-alvo. Foram estimados os casos prevalentes e incidentes da infecção na população em diálise, candidata a transplante renal, em um horizonte de tempo de dez anos. Com base nestas estimativas, foi calculado o valor a ser despendido pelo SUS para tratar a população-alvo em três cenários diferenciados, caracterizados pela proporção da população submetida ao tratamento. Os valores encontrados foram comparados com o gasto do sistema para garantia de terapias de substituição renal no período de um ano, identificando-se que o custo do tratamento de toda a população candidata a transplante, infectada pelo VHC, corresponde a 0,3 por cento do valor despendido com TRS pelo SUS.


This is an analyses of the budget impact derived from the cost-effectiveness study on the hepatitis C treatment in candidates for renal transplantation under dialysis. It aims to estimate the budget impact of an offer of hepatitis C treatment for all candidates for renal transplantation. A Markov model was developed to estimate the mean cost for treatment of distinct proportions of the target population. The prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C in the candidates for renal transplantation in the dialysis population was also estimated in a horizon of ten years. Based on these estimative, we calculate the amount needed for treatment of this population in three distinct scenarios characterized by a proportion of the population under treatment. The values were compared with the expense of the system to guarantee renal replacement therapies in one year, identifying the cost of treatment of all candidates for transplant, infected with HCV, corresponding to 0.3 percent of the amount spent with renal transplantation within the SUS.


Subject(s)
Renal Dialysis/economics , Renal Dialysis/adverse effects , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/economics , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/physiopathology , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/parasitology , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/transmission , Kidney Transplantation/economics , Kidney Transplantation/rehabilitation , Virus Diseases , Cost-Benefit Analysis/economics , Program Evaluation/economics , Interferons/economics , Interferons/therapeutic use , Nephrology/economics , Unified Health System/economics , Renal Replacement Therapy/economics
12.
Cad. saúde pública ; 26(1): 163-174, Jan. 2010. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-539219

ABSTRACT

No Brasil, o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) é responsável maioria dos transplantes renais. Para a manutenção dessas intervenções, os protocolos recomendam uso da ciclosporina ou tacrolimus, associado com corticosteróides e azatioprina ou micofenolato. Na perspectiva do SUS, realizou-se análise econômica sobre recursos ambulatoriais, hospitalares e medicamentos utilizados por paciente e grupo terapêutico. Foi construída coorte de 2000 a 2004, com 5.174 pacientes em transplantes renais e em uso de ciclosporina ou tacrolimus, identificados por relacionamento probabilístico em registros do SUS. A coorte continha 4.015 pacientes em uso de ciclosporina e 1.159 com tacrolimus. A maioria era do sexo masculino, idade < 38 anos, cujos diagnósticos primários mais freqüentes eram nefrites, doenças cardiovasculares e causas indeterminadas. Após 48 meses, observou-se gasto superior para transplantes renais em hospitais do Nordeste, doador cadáver, naqueles em diálises > 24 meses antes do transplantes renais e no grupo do tacrolimus. Constatou-se maior gasto total com recursos hospitalares, ambulatoriais e medicamentos para os transplantes renais em pacientes com esquemas com tacrolimus, quando comparados com o grupo da ciclosporina.


In Brazil, the Unified National Health System (SUS) is responsible for the majority of kidney transplants. To maintain these interventions, the guidelines recommend the use of cyclosporine or tacrolimus, associated with corticosteroids and azathioprine or mycophenolate. Taking the perspective of the National Health System, an economic analysis was performed on the outpatient and hospital resources and medicines used by patient and therapeutic group. A cohort was constructed from 2000 to 2004, with 5,174 kidney transplant patients in use of cyclosporine or tacrolimus, identified by probabilistic record linkage from the National Health System. The cohort included 4,015 patients in use of cyclosporine and 1,159 using tacrolimus. The majority were males, age < 38 years, with nephritis, cardiovascular diseases, and indeterminate causes as the most frequent primary diagnoses. After 48 months of follow-up, the expenditures were higher for kidney transplants in hospitals in the Northeast, cadaver donors, patients in dialysis > 24 months before the transplant, and in the tacrolimus group. Total hospital and outpatient costs and expenditure on medication were higher in patients on tacrolimus as compared to the cyclosporine group.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Cyclosporine/economics , Graft Rejection/prevention & control , Immunosuppressive Agents/economics , Kidney Transplantation/economics , Tacrolimus/economics , Cohort Studies , Cyclosporine/therapeutic use , Graft Rejection/economics , Health Care Costs , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Tacrolimus/therapeutic use
14.
Cad. saúde pública ; 24(6): 1279-1290, jun. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-484185

ABSTRACT

Este estudo tem por finalidade contribuir com a discussão sobre as possibilidades para a execução de avaliação econômica em saúde, em especial por meio da técnica de custo-efetividade, em relação às terapias renais substitutivas em portadores de falência renal crônica à luz do nosso contexto. Para tanto se realizou uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as intervenções e seus cursos alternativos na perspectiva das proposições metodológicas dispostas na literatura, considerando a disponibilidade de dados e informações no nosso meio que subsidiam este tipo de pesquisa.


This study aims to contribute to the discussion on the possibility of applying health economics assessment, specifically the cost-effectiveness technique, to renal replacement therapies for end-stage renal failure. A review was conducted on the interventions and their alternative courses from the perspective of the various methodological proposals in the literature, considering the availability of data and information in Brazil to back this type of research.


Subject(s)
Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/economics , Research Design , Renal Replacement Therapy/economics , Brazil , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Decision Support Techniques , Hemodialysis, Home/economics , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Kidney Transplantation/economics , Models, Econometric , Probability , Peritoneal Dialysis/economics
17.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-45908

ABSTRACT

Diabetic nephropathy is the second most common cause of renal failure in the United Kingdom where majority of the patients were managed by renal transplantation and insulin therapy in the past. Over the last three decades, increasing number of patients are undergoing simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation (SPKT) because of its advantages, which renders the patient both dialysis and insulin-independent, halts the progression of complications of diabetes, thereby improves the quality of life, survival and has proven to be cost-effective. This article presents a review on the principles and contemporary practice of SPKT worldwide and highlights the future directions.


Subject(s)
Cost-Benefit Analysis , Diabetic Nephropathies/complications , Disease Progression , United Kingdom/epidemiology , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/etiology , Kidney Transplantation/economics , Pancreas Transplantation/economics , Quality of Life
18.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 16(1,supl.2): 83-89, set. 2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-754732

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A importância social e econômica da Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) e a complexidade do aparato institucional e tecnológico necessário à atenção aos pacientes nos remetem ao desafio que envolve a definição de uma política de atenção especialmente voltada aos portadores de DRC no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento da evolução histórica das técnicas e dos equipamentos utilizados nas modalidades de Terapias Renais Substitutivas (TRS), e seu processo de incorporação, processo esse que foi relacionado à formulação e implementação de políticas de saúde voltadas ao portador de DRC no país. Método: Foram realizadas buscas de artigos sobre a difusão das TRS, publicados em periódicos da área médica, no Brasil e no exterior, em sítios na Internet e em livros. Resultado e Discussão: Desde a introdução das primeiras técnicas e equipamentos utilizados em diálise e transplante renal no mundo, o Brasil tem sido classificado como país seguidor no processo de inovações tecnológicas em TRS. Assim, a primeira hemodiálise foi realizada em 1949, e o primeiro transplante renal, em 1965. Um fato relevante desse processo é a discrepância existente entre as velocidades de difusão da diálise e do transplante renal, que, provavelmente, deve-se mais a fatores políticos e institucionais do que a econômicos e tecnológicos. Conclusão: Em que pese, no Brasil, seja curto o lag temporal de incorporação de novas técnicas e equipamentos relacionados às diálises e aos transplantes, uma vez incorporadas, tais tecnologias passam a concentrar-se nas regiões Sul e Sudeste. Nesse sentido, é necessário que a política ao portador de DRC garanta tanto a integralidade do cuidado quanto a eqüidade no acesso ao transplante renal.


Introduction: The social and economic importance of Chronic Renal Failure - CRF, and the institutional and technological apparatus complexity necessary to users care, remit us to the challenge that involves the defini- tions of a Health Policy especially directed to CRF patients, The aim of this study was to describe the historical evolution of techniques and equipments used in Renal Replacernenr Therapies (RRT) modalities and their incorporation process in Brazil. This historical process was related to the development of CRF patients Health Policies Methods: It was realize a research about TRS dif- fusion, studies published in medicals periodics, internet sites and books, in Brazil and other countries. Results and discussion: Since the introduction of the first tech- niques and equipments used in dialysis and renal trans- plant, Brazil has been classified as a follower country in the TRS technological innovation world context, However, the temporal lag of this techniques and equipments incorporation hasn't been longo 50, the national first dialysis was realized in 1949, and the first renal transplant in 1965. A relevant fact of this process is the gap that exists between the dialysis and renal transplant diffusion speed, rhar probably is due to institutional and poli- tics factors more than economic and technological ones. Condusion: The CRF patients Health Policy needs to assure both, the integrality of care, and the equity for transplant renal access.


Subject(s)
Humans , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/surgery , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/economics , Health Policy , Brazil , Renal Dialysis , Kidney Transplantation/economics
19.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 66(supl.2): 22-26, 2006. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-480135

ABSTRACT

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) is the most frequent cause of renal failure in children, and the second cause of renal transplant. Argentina has the highest incidence of the world. Direct and indirect costs of HUS in its different clinical phases were studied. A retrospective review of all clinical notes of patients attending the hospital during the period 1987-2003 was carried out. Cost of every medical intervention, including diagnostic and therapeutic actions were calculated by the Hospital Department of Costs, according to two criteria: cost per process and cost per patient (considering total processes received each). Indirect costs were estimated according to guidelines established by the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INDEC): 1) family costs 2) social expenses afforded by the state, 3) cost of health services. Out of a total sample size of 525 patients, 231 clinical notes of children were selected and studied. The direct cost per patient in the acute period was US dollar 1 500, the total direct cost of care for each patient per year was US dollar 15 399,53; indirect costs per patient and for all year were US dollar 3 004,33 and US dollar 7 354,98 respectively. Total costs during 2005 per patient and per year was US dollar 17 553,39 and US dollar 2 170 477,37 respectively. Our study provides valuable information not only for purposes of health care planning, but also for helping authorities to set priorities in health, and to support the idea of developing preventive actions in a totally preventable condition in Argentina.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Cost of Illness , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/economics , Hospital Costs/statistics & numerical data , Acute Disease/economics , Chronic Disease/economics , Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/complications , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/therapy , Kidney Transplantation/economics , Retrospective Studies , Renal Dialysis/economics
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